Synaptic Systems

Cat. No.: 131 103

Amount: 50 µg

Price: $665.00

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Cat. No. 131 103	50 µg specific antibody, lyophilized. Affinity purified with the immunogen. Albumin was added for stabilization. For reconstitution add 50 µl H₂O to get a 1mg/ml solution in PBS. Then aliquot and store at -20°C to -80°C until use. Antibodies should be stored at +4°C when still lyophilized. Do not freeze!
Applications	WB: 1 : 1000 (AP staining) (see remarks) gallery IP: yes ICC: 1 : 100 up to 1 : 200 (see remarks) gallery IHC: 1 : 100 up to 1 : 500 IHC-P (FFPE): not tested yet Western blot (WB); separation of proteins by PAGE and subsequent transfer to a membrane. Detection of target molecules is carried out with antibodies. Some antibodies require special sample preparation steps. For details, please refer to the “Remarks” section. Immunoprecipitation (IP); Immunoisolation or pulldown of a target molecule using an antibody. For details and product specific hints, please refer to the ”Remarks” section. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) on 4% PFA fixed cells. Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence. Some antibodies require special fixation methods. For details, please refer to the “Remarks” section. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 4% PFA perfusion fixed tissue with 24h PFA post fixation. Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence or a chromogenic substrate. Some antibodies require special fixation methods or antigen retrieval steps. For details, please refer to the ”Remarks” section. Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P) of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue (some antibodies require special antigen retrieval steps, please refer to the ”Remarks” section). Immunoreactivity is usually revealed by fluorescence or a chromogenic substrate.
Immunogen	Synthetic peptide corresponding to residues near the carboxy terminus of rat VGAT (UniProt Id: O35458)
Reactivity	Reacts with: human (Q9H598), rat (O35458), mouse (O35633). Other species not tested yet.
Specificity	K.O. validated PubMed: 19052203
Remarks	WB: To avoid protein aggregation, do not heat samples for SDS-PAGE. ICC: This antibody can also be used for labeling of recycling synaptic vesicles in living neurons. Further details see Martens et al. 2008.
Data sheet	Data Sheet 131_103 Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

References for VGAT - 131 103

A new method for isolation and purification of fusion-competent inhibitory synaptic vesicles.
Gopal N, Leitz J, Wang C, Esquivies L, Pfuetzner RA, Brunger AT
Current research in physiology (2024) 7: 100121. 131 103 WB; tested species: mouse

Unique luminal localization of VGAT-C terminus allows for selective labeling of active cortical GABAergic synapses.
Martens H, Weston MC, Boulland JL, Grønborg M, Grosche J, Kacza J, Hoffmann A, Matteoli M, Takamori S, Harkany T, Chaudhry FA, et al.
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2008) 2849: 13125-31. 131 103 WB, ICC, IHC, UPTAKE; KO verified; tested species: mouse,rat

Extracellular matrix remodeling through endocytosis and resurfacing of Tenascin-R.
Dankovich TM, Kaushik R, Olsthoorn LHM, Petersen GC, Giro PE, Kluever V, Agüi-Gonzalez P, Grewe K, Bao G, Beuermann S, Hadi HA, et al.
Nature communications (2021) 121: 7129. 131 103 ICC; tested species: rat

Biallelic DMXL2 mutations impair autophagy and cause Ohtahara syndrome with progressive course.
Esposito A, Falace A, Wagner M, Gal M, Mei D, Conti V, Pisano T, Aprile D, Cerullo MS, De Fusco A, Giovedì S, et al.
Brain : a journal of neurology (2019) : . 131 103 ICC; tested species: mouse

Inhibitory synapse dynamics: coordinated presynaptic and postsynaptic mobility and the major contribution of recycled vesicles to new synapse formation.
Dobie FA, Craig AM
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience (2011) 3129: 10481-93. 131 103 ICC

Intrinsic calcium dynamics control botulinum toxin A susceptibility in distinct neuronal populations.
Grumelli C, Corradini I, Matteoli M, Verderio C
Cell calcium (2010) 475: 419-24. 131 103 ICC

VGLUT1 and VGAT are sorted to the same population of synaptic vesicles in subsets of cortical axon terminals.
Fattorini G, Verderio C, Melone M, Giovedì S, Benfenati F, Matteoli M, Conti F
Journal of neurochemistry (2009) 1105: 1538-46. 131 103 ICC

NaV1.1 haploinsufficiency impairs glutamatergic and GABAergic neuron function in the thalamus.
Studtmann C, Ladislav M, Topolski MA, Safari M, Swanger SA
Neurobiology of disease (2022) 167: 105672. 131 103 IHC; tested species: mouse

Excitatory neuronal CHD8 in the regulation of neocortical development and sensory-motor behaviors.
Kweon H, Jung WB, Im GH, Ryoo J, Lee JH, Do H, Choi Y, Song YH, Jung H, Park H, Qiu LR, et al.
Cell reports (2021) 348: 108780. 131 103 IHC; tested species: mouse

Inhibitory control in neuronal networks relies on the extracellular matrix integrity.
Dzyubenko E, Fleischer M, Manrique-Castano D, Borbor M, Kleinschnitz C, Faissner A, Hermann DM
Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS (2021) 7814: 5647-5663. 131 103 IHC; tested species: mouse

Nuclei-specific differences in nerve terminal distribution, morphology, and development in mouse visual thalamus.
Hammer S, Carrillo GL, Govindaiah G, Monavarfeshani A, Bircher JS, Su J, Guido W, Fox MA
Neural development (2014) 9: 16. 131 103 IHC

Spatial proteomics in neurons at single-protein resolution.
Unterauer EM, Shetab Boushehri S, Jevdokimenko K, Masullo LA, Ganji M, Sograte-Idrissi S, Kowalewski R, Strauss S, Reinhardt SCM, Perovic A, Marr C, et al.
Cell (2024) 1877: 1785-1800.e16. 131 103 DNA-PAINT; tested species: rat

The potassium channel subunit Kvβ1 serves as a major control point for synaptic facilitation.
Cho IH, Panzera LC, Chin M, Alpizar SA, Olveda GE, Hill RA, Hoppa MB
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2020) 11747: 29937-29947. 131 103 UPTAKE; tested species: rat

Astrocyte secreted proteins selectively increase hippocampal GABAergic axon length, branching, and synaptogenesis.
Hughes EG, Elmariah SB, Balice-Gordon RJ
Molecular and cellular neurosciences (2010) 431: 136-45. 131 103 UPTAKE; tested species: rat

Cat. No.: 131 103

Amount: 50 µg

Price: $665.00

Intrinsic calcium dynamics control botulinum toxin A susceptibility in distinct neuronal populations.
Grumelli C, Corradini I, Matteoli M, Verderio C
Cell calcium (2010) 475: 419-24. 131 103 ICC

WB
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ICC
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Background

The vesicular GABA transporter VGAT is responsible for uptake and storage of GABA and glycine by synaptic vesicles in the central nervous system. For this reason it is frequently referred to as the vesicular inhibitory aminoacid transporter VIAAT. It is different from the plasma membrane transporters in that it is driven by a proton electrochemical gradient across the vesicle membrane. So far, only one isoform is known. VGAT is currently the best marker for inhibitory nerve terminals.

For more information on protein expression pattern, please refer to the overview image in our SYSY Antibodies ATLAS.

1 ) Chaudhry FA et al., J. Neurosci. (1998)
2 ) McIntire SL et al., Nature (1997)
3 ) Sagné C et al., FEBS Lett. (1997)
4 ) Hell JW et al., EMBO J. (1988)

Protocols

ICC

IHC

Standard Condition

Other products for this target

VGAT (SLC32A1) antibody luminal domain - 131 103 K.O.

References for VGAT - 131 103